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Precision Software Appli…tions Silver Collection 4
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Precision Software Applications Silver Collection Volume 4 (1993).iso
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mathx30.exe
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MATHX.HLP
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1991-08-07
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Z''=info:Z'''=INT(Z''*.0001):IF Z'''=>300}2
| MATHX.HLP
Copyright 1991 By David W. Denker
Box 115, Isanti, Mn. 55040 |
DSP nn; Sorry, this file must be used with MATHX V3.00 or greater!;n
wait20:quit
#2
title= HELP INFORMATION
wlcc b0f14l0:mon2:goto10
#10
HEAD B0F13" Select by the PICK LETTER or use MOUSE or CURSOR keys."
wlcc l9
menuu b14BB1BF15I" MAIN HELP MENU
"!A"nswer system
"!D"ata input
"!E"rror messages
"!F"unctions (math)
"!I"nstruction line
"!M"anual calculations
"!O"perating environment
"!P"riority of calculations
"!Q"uit help"x
j=mlvl:on(j)g{350,400,500,150,80,450,600,100}:quit
#26:head" END help, PAGE UP, else help menu":ret
#27:head" END help, HOME to help menu, PAGE UP, else continue":ret
#28:head" END help, HOME to help menu, else continue":ret
#29:head" END help, else main help menu":ret
#36:call60:if r=4}q:if r=6}q:if r<>1}r
if i>9999}}if i<10012}q:if i>10011}}if i<10021}}r=2:ret
#37:call60:if r=4}q:if r=6}q:if r<>1}r
if i>9999}}if i<10012}q:if i>10011}}if i<10031}}r=7
if i>10030}}if i<10040}}r=2:ret
#38:call60:if r=4}q:if r=6}q:if r<>1}r
if i>9999}}if i<10012}q:if i>10011}}if i<10031}}r=7:ret
#39:call60:if r=4}q:if r=6}q:if r<>1}r
if i>9999}}if i<10012}q:ret
#60
i=mloc:if i>9999}60
#61:k=kyck:if k<>0}62:I=MLOC:IF I>9999}}IF I<10079}66
i=mlin:if i=0}61:if i>99}64:if i>x-2}61:if i=j}61:j=i:goto63
#62:if k=13}65:if k=27}69
if k=272}}if j>0}}j=j-1:if k=280}}if j<x-2}}j=j+1
if k=273}67:if k=281}68:if k=271}72:if k=279}71
if k>64}}if k<91}}k=k+32:if k>96}}if k<123}70
#63:wlcc L(j):goto61
#64:i=i-int(i/100)*100:j=i:i=mloc:if i>9999}}if i<10079}66
#65:r=0:ret
#66:r=1:ret:|top bar|
#67:r=2:ret:|PgUp|
#68:r=3:ret:|PgDn|
#69:r=4:ret:|ESC|
#70:r=5:k=k-97:ret:|A to Z|
#71:r=6:ret:|END|
#72:r=7:ret:|HOME|
#80:call28:x=0:i=0:j=0
WIND r1c0wr22wc78BB1BF15B7F0" INSTRUCTION LINE (1 of 3)
The instruction line is made up of seven 78 character lines wrapped
around to form a 546 character instruction area. The special key
functions for the instruction line are listed below.
Cursor keys: Moves the cursor around the instruction line within the
data that has been entered. (Mouse can be used too.)
HOME key: Moves the cursor to the start of the instruction line.
END key: Moves the cursor to the end of the instruction line data.
INSERT key: Toggles between INSERT mode and OVERtype mode. The
bottom information bar will display the mode you are in.
DELETE key: Deletes the character the cursor is on.
Back Space key: <-- Deletes the character left of the cursor.
F1 to F8 keys: Inserts information as defined by FKEY statements.
(Does not work for an INP response.)
":call38:if r=7}10
#90:call27
wind" INSTRUCTION LINE (2 of 3)
F9 key: Inserts the last decimal answer into the instruction line.
If responding to an INP statement, the last variable value
or memory string will be returned if nothing is entered yet.
F10 key: Recalls the previous instruction line for editing.
(if nothing is entered on the new line yet)
S-F1 to S-F8 keys: Used to display environment pop-down menus.
(The mouse is normally used for this.)
SHIFT-F10 key: Display the HELP WINDOW.
Valid for INP statement if help window available.
(not valid when in a KYIN response)
(not valid in application or utility files)
CTRL-X: Clear all entered characters from the instruction line.
ESC key: Quits the MATHX program. Also quits an INP response
with no change to the variable or memory contents.
":call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}80
CALL26
wind" INSTRUCTION LINE (3 of 3)
Math Instructions:
KEY DEFINITION EXAMPLE
+ Entering positive sign or addition. 125+258
- Entering negative sign or subtraction. -15-128
* Multiplication instruction. 159*X*Y
/ Division instruction. Z/158
\ Exchange and division instruction. 1.234\1
^ Power instruction. X^2
. Enter decimal point. .012*2.369
( ) Input parentheses. SIN(A+B)
[ ] Input exponent for scientific notation. 1.589 [-25]
E Alternate scientific notation form. 1.589 E-25
Constant: PI or π Input Pi. Example: pi*6.875
Note: After completing a calculation, if one of + - * / \ ^ keys are hit
first, the preceding calculation result is used as data for the
next calculation. Starting with any other key, including the space
key, or separating the calculations with a second hit of the <enter>
key, will cause the program not to use the preceding result.
":call36:if r=2}90:goto10
#100:call29:x=0:i=0:j=0
wind r1c0wr22wc78BB1BF15B7F0" PRIORITY OF CALCULATIONS
Calculations are done from the left to the right with some exceptions.
Functions have priority over power.
Power has priority over multiplication or division.
Multiplication or division has priority over addition or subtraction.
Calculations in parentheses will occur first. For multiple
parentheses, calculations in the innermost parentheses have
priority over all others.
Compound functions are calculated from right to left.
example (LOG SIN DEG 12.3456)
A string of powers are calculated from right to left.
example (x^y^2)
Example of order of calculations:
1.2 + PI * SQR 2 - LN TAN (10+25) ^ 2 / SQR 5
│ │ └ 1 ┘ │ │ └ 4 ┘ │ │ │
│ └── 2 ─┘ │ └─ 5 ─┘ │ │ │
└── 3 ───┘ └── 6 ─┘ │ └ 8 ┘
│ └───── 7 ────┘ │
│ └──── 9 ────┘
└──────────── 10 ──────────────┘
":call39:go10
#150:call28:x=0:i=0:j=0
wind r1c0wr22wc78BB1BF15B7F0" MATH FUNCTIONS: (1 of 3)
SIN Trigonometric function Sine.
COS Trigonometric function Cosine.
TAN Trigonometric function Tangent.
ASN Inverse trigonometric function sine.
ACS Inverse trigonometric function cosine.
ATN Inverse trigonometric function tangent.
SINH Hyperbolic Sine function.
COSH Hyperbolic Cosine function.
TANH Hyperbolic Tangent function.
ASNH Inverse Hyperbolic Sine function.
ACSH Inverse Hyperbolic Cosine function.
ATNH Inverse Hyperbolic Tangent function.
"nnnnnnn:call 38:if r=7}10
#160:call27:wind" MATH FUNCTIONS: (2 of 3)
ABS Absolute value.
DEG Degree.minute second to decimal conversion.
DMS Decimal to degree.minute second conversion.
EXP Exponential function of e.
LN Natural logarithm. (base e)
LOG Common logarithm. (base 10)
CINT Integer. (by rounding the fractional portion)
FIX Integer. (truncated integer)
INT Integer. (next lower integer)
SGN Signum. (result is 1 if positive, 0 if zero, -1 if negative)
SQR or √ Extraction of square root.
RAND Generate a random whole number from 0 to 99. Does not need any
other information or seed. Wherever RAND is encountered, a
random number will be used in its place.
Example RAND*100+RAND
NOTE: All two or three letter functions must have a space
between the function and a variable or other function.
":call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}150
call26:WIND; MATH FUNCTIONS: (3 of 3)
F$A to F$Z Special definable functions using a string memory as the
definition of the function.
Format: F$letter expression
Example 1: $Z="2*Z^2+4*Z-16":F$Z 5
Wherever Z is in the definition of $Z, the value
5 will be put in its place to obtain the result of
F$Z for 5. Note: variable Z is not required in the
definition and if not used, 5 would be a dummy value.
A dummy value is required but not used.
Example 2: $x="x^2+x+1":$y="y^3+y^2+y+1":F$X F$Y 6
Here two functions are defined and the result of the
F$X for F$Y for 6 will be displayed. (F$Y for 6 is
done first)
NOTE! When the variable used in the definition of a
function is the same as the defining string letter,
that variable is temporarily given the value of the
function expression. The old value of that variable
is saved. All other variables are not affected and
can be used in the definition if needed.
;:call36:if r=2}160:goto10
#350:call28:x=0:i=0:j=0
wind r1c0wr22wc78BB1BF15B7F0" ANSWER SYSTEM (1 of 2)
The MATHX programs can display answers to problems or values of
variables in two forms. Normal decimal form and Hexadecimal
form.
Hexadecimal form:
This is done by using the DSP, PRN, or the DPRN statements
and the H sub-statement. Example: 1000*256:DSP H. This
display sub-statement displays the answer in Hex form for the
previous math expression. The Hex answer for the previous
example will be displayed as 0003E800 (HEX). There are
two statements that control the Hex display. They are CON
and COFF. They control the way negative Hex answers will be
handled. See the STATEMENTS section for descriptions on the
use of these statements.
"nnnn:call 38:if r=7}10
call26:wind" ANSWER SYSTEM (2 of 2)
Decimal form:
The MATHX programs use 16 digit binary coded decimal math for
all calculations. The maximum number of digits that can be
displayed is 14. The answer is rounded off to the 14th
place. This can be changed to a smaller number through the
use of control statements. The following statements change
the way the answer will be displayed: DIGL, DIGR, EON, EOFF
AON, AOFF, RON, ROFF, EREQ, XON and XOFF. See the
STATEMENTS section for information on these statements.
These statements will change the maximum number of digits
allowed on the left and right side of the decimal point,
whether scientific notation is allowed and its display form
and if the display will use commas. Usually if the answer
cannot be displayed in the form allowed, scientific notation
will be used. If scientific notation is not allowed then a
DISPLAY FORM ERROR will result. For normal math use, the
default settings will be good, but, for some special purpose
application programs you may want to tailor your answer form.
"n:call36:if r=2}350:goto10
#400:call28:x=0:i=0:j=0
wind r1c0wr22wc78BB1BF15B7F0" DATA INPUT (1 of 4)
Numbers can be entered into the program in two forms. Like the
answer display system, numbers can be entered in decimal or
hexadecimal form.
Decimal input:
The first thing to enter is the sign of the number. Use the
+ or - keys for this. (For plus values the + sign is can be
omitted.) Normal input or scientific notation can be used.
The exponent (scientific notation) can be entered in two ways.
Using brackets with the sign of the exponent in the brackets
before the number or using a capital E before the exponent.
Example: 1.23 E-19 or 1.23 [-19]. The largest exponent that
is allowed on entry is E+99 or E-99 but answers will be
displayed up to E+200 or E-200. Up to 16 digits are allowed
on entry not counting leading zeros.
"nnnn:call 38:if r=7}10
#410:call27:wind" DATA INPUT (2 of 4)
Here are some examples of allowed decimal inputs.
+12345678901234
-12345.6789
.000000000012345678901234 same as 1.2345678901234 E-11
1.23456 [-12] same as 1.23456*10^-12
.000123456 E25 same as 1.23456 [+21]
123456 E20 same as 1.23456 [+25]
-1234567890000000 same as -1.23456789 E+15
Note: If you are entering a negative number (or a + sign
that is not for addition) at the beginning of a new
instruction line, first hit the space bar or the <enter>
key so that the program doesn't bring up the previous
answer first. See the MANUAL CALCULATIONS section.
"nnn:call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}400
#420:call27:wind" DATA INPUT (3 of 4)
Hexadecimal input:
The ` character is used at the start and end of a
hexadecimal number to be input. A minus sign can be entered
before the hex number to input a negative value. The hex
number is converted to decimal by the MATHX program for all
math operations. Here are some examples of hexadecimal
inputs.
`AF301`
`ffffffff` (this is the largest hex number allowed)
`-0012fac9`
`+0100000F`
`-fe000`
`00abcdef12`
"nnnn:call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}410
call26:wind" DATA INPUT (4 of 4)
VARIABLES AND STRING MEMORIES
Direct input to variables is done by the use of the = character.
The format for this is variable=expression. (Only the result is saved.)
Examples: A=1.2345
B=12*sin15
C=`af2b`
D''=x^3-y^2+z
Direct input to string memories use the same method with one additional
requirement. The string must be put between ";" or ;"; characters.
Formats: $letter=";"string" or: $letter=;";string;. (60 characters max.)
or: $letter=$letter or: $letter=$(expression)
Examples: $A=";" degrees ";"
$B=;End of program.;
$c=";"c^2+c-1"
$d=$(6) (same as $D=$F)
$e="" (clears the string memory)
$f=$x+$y+$(2)+" end."
;:call36:if r=2}420:goto10
#450:call28:x=0:i=0:j=0
wind r1c0wr22wc78BB1BF15B7F0" MANUAL CALCULATIONS (1 of 3)
There are two general type of manual calculation methods that can
be used with the MATHX programs. The first is the subsequent
calculations method. In this method you hit the ENTER key every
time you put in a operation and a number or variable. The answer
will be displayed at each step of the way. What happens is every
time one of the operation characters + - / \ * ^ is entered
at the start of the instruction line, the program brings up the
answer to the previous math expression and then puts in the
operation. If the instruction line is started with any character
other then the six operation characters given above, the math
expression will be treated as a new math problem.
"nnnnnnnn:call 38:if r=7}10
#460:call27:wind" MANUAL CALCULATIONS (2 of 3)
Example: For the expression 125.12 + 12.23 - 159.56 + 6.12 + 45
First input:
125.12+12.23<enter>
Answer returned:
137.35
Then input:
-159.56<enter> (will be displayed as: 137.35-159.56 )
Answer returned:
-22.21
Then input:
+6.12<enter> (will be displayed as: -22.21+6.12 )
Answer returned:
-16.09
Then input:
+45<enter> (will be displayed as: -16.09+45 )
Answer returned:
28.91
"n:call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}450
call26:wind" MANUAL CALCULATIONS (3 of 3)
The second way of entering a math problem is to enter the whole
math expression at one time and get one answer.
Same example as above:
Input:
125.12+12.23-159.56+6.12+45<enter>
Answer returned:
28.91
Note: If you are starting a math expression with a negative
number, hit the space bar first or the <enter> key again
so the program will not treat it as a subtraction operation.
"nnn:call36:if r=2}460:goto10
#500:call28:x=0:i=0:j=0
wind r1c0wr22wc78BB1BF15B7F0" ERROR MESSAGES (1 of 9)
APPLICATION file not loaded!
Displayed when an attempt is made to use an application and one
has not been loaded or when there is an application file loading
error.
DATA STATEMENT ERROR (VARIABLE TOO BIG)
Displayed when the variable used for a DATA statement has a value
that is bigger then the number of data positions in the data part
of the DATA statement.
example X=6:DATA X {1,10,20,30,40,50}
(remember the zero position in the data part of the statement)
DISPLAY FORM ERROR
Displayed when the decimal answer cannot be displayed in the form
allowed by DIGL and XOFF statements. Set XON or make DIGL bigger.
"nn:call38:if r=7}10
#510:call27:wind" ERROR MESSAGES (2 of 9)
DIVIDE BY ZERO ERROR
Displayed when at some point in the math expression an attempt
is made to divide by zero or divide by a variable that equals zero.
ERROR, Bad COMSPEC data!
Displayed when using the EDIT or DOS commands and the program
cannot find COMSPEC= in the DOS environment. Add the line
SET COMSPEC=COMMAND.COM to the autoexec.bat file.
(include the path to command.com)
(EDITOR statement over 40 characters long)
SYNTAX ERROR
Displayed when the path and command are over 40 characters long.
"nn:call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}500
#520:call27:wind" ERROR MESSAGES (3 of 9)
EXPONENT OVERFLOW ERROR
Displayed when at some point in the math expression the exponent
of the answer register was over 200.
FILE LOAD ERROR, could not find file!
Displayed when the file being asked for can not be found. Check
for the correct path and name.
FILE LOAD ERROR, could not open file!
Displayed when the file being loaded cannot be opened by DOS.
FILE LOAD ERROR, not enough memory!
Displayed when there is not enough memory left in RAM to hold
the contents of the file being loaded.
"n:call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}510
#530:call27:wind" ERROR MESSAGES (4 of 9)
FILE LOAD ERROR, wrong file type!
Displayed when the variables, string memories or parameters setup
file being loaded is not of the right length to be of the correct
MATHX version. (Those file lengths may change for new versions.)
FILE READ ERROR!
Displayed when DOS is not able to read the file being loaded.
FILE WRITE ERROR, access denied!
Displayed when the variables or string memories are being saved
to a read only disk or for some other reason the program was
denied access to the disk.
FILE WRITE ERROR, not enough memory!
Displayed when there is not enough memory on the disk for the
variables or string memories file.
":call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}520
#540:call27:wind" ERROR MESSAGES (5 of 9)
(FKEY definition over 40 characters long)
SYNTAX ERROR
Displayed when there is more then 40 characters in
the definition part of the FKEY statement.
FUNCTION DEFINITION
SYNTAX ERROR
Displayed when the string for the definable function being used
has a syntax error in it. Look at the string statement used by
the function for the error.
GOTO or CALL location number 0 not allowed!
Displayed when an attempt is made to define a GOTO location as 0.
(:#0:) Location 0 is reserved for the start of the instruction
line or the start of the math application or utility file.
"nn:call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}530
#550:call27:wind" ERROR MESSAGES (6 of 9)
GOTO or CALL location number not defined!
Displayed when an attempt is made to GOTO a location that does
not have a # number defined position.
GOTO or CALL location number too big! (over 25)
Displayed when an attempt is made to GOTO a location greater then
25 in the instruction line or when an attempt is made to define
a GOTO location that is greater then 25 in the instruction line.
GOTO or CALL location number used already!
Displayed when an attempt is made to define two or more
locations the same number.
HEX OVERFLOW ERROR!
Displayed when the Hex value is greater then 0FFFFFFFF.
(This is the limit of the Hex register)
":call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}540
#560:call27:wind" ERROR MESSAGES (7 of 9)
LOG OF ZERO OR NEGATIVE NUMBER ERROR
Displayed when an attempt is made to get the LOG or LN of zero or a
negative number or a variable that equals zero or a negative number.
MATHX.ENV file not loaded!
Displayed when the MATHX program could not load the file. This
file is used for the pop-down menu operating environment.
MATHX.HLP file not loaded!
Displayed when asking for HELP and the help file was not loaded
or as a result of a loading error.
Parameter too long ERROR!
Displayed when a command line parameter has more then 40
characters.
"n:call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}550
#570:call27:wind" ERROR MESSAGES (8 of 9)
POWER (ROOT) OF NEGATIVE NUMBER ERROR
Displayed when an attempt is made to take a negative number or
variable to a power that includes a root portion.
example -2^2.125
Printer does not acknowledge or is out of paper!
Displayed when PON statement is active and an attempt is made
to send something to the printer and the printer does not
acknowledge or is out of paper. (printer not turned on)
SQUARE ROOT OF NEGATIVE NUMBER ERROR
Displayed when an attempt is made to square root a negative number
or a variable that has a negative value.
STACK ERROR, TOO MANY ()
Displayed when over 100 parentheses are used in an expression.
"n:call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}560
call26:wind" ERROR MESSAGES (9 of 9)
SYNTAX ERROR
Displayed when data or an instruction is missing or not in the
correct form or when a statement is not in the correct form or
is not separated with a colon or comma. The instruction line
is returned and the cursor is set at the location of the error.
SYNTAX ERROR
THE NEXT 50 CHARACTERS FROM THE POINT OF ERROR ARE:
Displayed when the application, utility or defaults file being used
has a syntax error. If so, the next 50 characters from the point
of the error or until the end of the file, which ever comes first,
will be displayed. (end of file is indicated by a small left arrow)
Too many parameters ERROR!
Displayed when the command line has more then just the name
of a file to be loaded or when an application or utility file has
more then three characters in its extension.
":call36:if r=2}570:goto10
#600:call28:x=0:i=0:j=0
WIND r1c0wr22wc78BB1BF15B7F0" OPERATING ENVIRONMENT (1 of 6)
HEADER LINE & POP-DOWN MENUS:
The header line below the top line has the names of the pop-down
menus available to the user. These pop-down menus can be accessed
in three ways.
1. With the mouse cursor on the name of the pop-down
menu desired, click the left mouse button. Then
move the cursor to the item desired and click the
left mouse button again.
2. With the mouse cursor on the name of the pop-down
menu desired, push the left mouse button and hold
it down then move the mouse cursor down to the
item desired and let up on the mouse button.
3. Hold down the ALT key and hit the first letter of
the menu name desired. Then use the cursor keys
to pick the desired item and then hit the Enter
key. If the menu items have pick letters, hit that
letter on the keyboard to pick the item desired.
The pick letter will be of a different color or will
be highlighted and/or underlined.
":call38:if r=7}10
#605:call27
WIND " OPERATING ENVIRONMENT (2 of 5)
COMMANDS:
The COMMANDS menu has 8 selections available.
Clear the Screen (same as CLS)
Clear inst. Line (same as hitting the CTRL-X keys)
Run Application (application must be loaded first)
(see LOADAPL menu)
Go To DOS shell (enter EXIT to return to MATHX)
Save Inst. Line (only 1 line can be saved at a time)
Get saved Line (return the previously saved line)
Edit Application (the editor must be previously defined)
(an EDITOR statement should be in MATHX.DFT)
QUIT MATHX (you will be given a chance to change your mind)
(you will be able to save variables & memories)
(same as hitting the ESC key)
See the CLS, @, LOAD, DOS, SAVE, GET, EDIT, and EDITOR statements
and commands in the MATHX reference manual.
"nn:call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}600
#610:call27
WIND " OPERATING ENVIRONMENT (3 of 5)
PARAMETERS:
This menu has most of the many parameters that can be changed
to make MATHX look and do its job the way you want it to. The
way answers are displayed, the angular modes and if you have a
color monitor, the colors can be changed too. If you change any
of the MATHX parameters, you will be asked if you want to save
the changes to disk or if the changes are temporary only. See
the DIGR, DIGL, and EREQ statements in the MATHX reference manual.
INFORMATION:
This menu can be used to display this help information file or
you can display all of the variable values or all of the string
memories. This menu gives you a quick and easy way to see what
the function keys will do too. The function keys F1 through F8
can be change using the FKEY statement and are normally defined
in the MATHX.DFT file. But they can be changed at any time from
the instruction line. See the FKEY statement in the MATHX
reference manual.
"nn:call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}605
#615:call27
WIND " OPERATING ENVIRONMENT (4 of 5)
LOADAPL:
This menu can be used to load an application file. The file can
then be run from the COMMANDS menu or by hitting the @ key and then
Enter. Only one application can be load at any time. If the
application has an environment (.ENV) file available, that file
will be loaded onto the math environment and an MENUAPL selection
will be available on the header line. The application can now be
run by selecting any item form this menu. Application filename
extensions are (.APL).
UTILITIES:
The UTILITIES menu can be used to load and run a utility file
quickly. A utility file does not stay loaded like the application
file does. Utility files do not have environment (.ENV) files
because they are always run at the time they are selected. Utility
filename extensions are (.UTL).
"nnnn:call37:if r=7}10:if r=2}610
call26
WIND " OPERATING ENVIRONMENT (5 of 5)
NOTE:
MATH EXTRA uses a file named MATHX.ENV to control the header, the
pop-down menus and the operations of both. This file is programmable
and can be changed by the user so this information is only valid for
the original MATHX.ENV file that came with MATH EXTRA.
"nnnnnnnnnnnnnn:call36:if r=2}615:goto10